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         | To download the APA & MLA Style Guides as a Word document, click here MLA Style “MLA,” a nickname given to the citation rules set forth by the Modern Language Association, is used within the humanities (e.g. art, English, music, etc.). That is, if your field or major studies human creativity, or if the paper you are writing deals with the study of human creativity, MLA is the style you will need to use. MLA In-text Citation “In-text citation” refers simply to documenting or citing materials you have quoted and placed within the paper you are writing. In this regard, MLA style gives you a few options to consider. Option 1, Print Source: (Author’s last name page number) For example: “She turned from him evidently much shocked or offended, but presently
recovered her composure and told him gently that a
leg was never mentioned before ladies: the
proper word was limb” (Mencken 302). Option 2, Print Source: Author’s last name - transition phrase - “quote” - (page number) For example: Mencken tells us “Even chickens ceased to have legs” (302). Option 3, Print Source, Quote-within-a-quote: (Quoted author’s last name qtd. in quoting author’s last name page number) For example: “Even chickens ceased to have legs, and another British traveler, W.F. Goodmane,
was ‘not a little confused on being requested by a lady, at a
public dinner table, to furnish her with the first and second
joint’” (Goodmane qtd. in Mencken 302). Note: Notice how single quotation marks separate Goodmane’s work from Mencken’s. Option 4, Print Source, Block Quote (a quote of 4 or more lines): Introductory
or transition phrase - colon -quote without quotation marks - each line
indented ten spaces from left margin – terminal punctuation -
(author name page number) For example: That is, the subject of student laziness is a common one among professors because: Many
students today mistakenly assume the gaining of an ability to write
well is similar to the buying of a super-sized value meal at the local
fast food drive-through. All he or she needs to do is pull up,
pay, sit quietly until something substantial is handed to him or her
(be it a burger and fries or, in the case of a writing class, a passing
grade), and once the sale is completed, leave quickly. Although
few of these students would purchase an unhealthy, super-sized value
meal as a cure for life-long heart disease, a number of misguided
individuals will come to class believing a short term investment in one
or two 15 or 16-week writing courses will somehow remedy years of
absent or piecemeal reading and writing practice. (Sideris 55) Option 5, Print Source, Holy Book: (Holy book’s version name italicized, Abbreviated book name. Chapter. Verse) For example: “There she lusted after her lovers, whose flesh was like that of donkeys and whose emission was like that of stallions” (New International Version, Ezek. 23.20). Note: You do not need to identify the version in subsequent references unless you switch to a different version. Option 6, Web Source: (Website’s name paragraph symbol paragraph number) For example: “The Hebrew prophets frequently compared the sin of idolatry to the sin of adultery, in a frequently reappearing rhetorical figure” (Wikipedia ¶ 3). Option 7, Web Source: Website’s name or site’s sponsor’s name - transition phrase - “quote” – (paragraph symbol paragraph number) For example: Wikipedia suggests “The Hebrew prophets frequently compared the sin of idolatry to the sin of adultery, in a frequently reappearing rhetorical figure” (¶ 3). MLA & Paraphrasing To paraphrase is to restate a passage in your own words while keeping the author’s ideas intact. In other words, it is to summarize an idea rather than quote it directly. Author’s last name summary (page number) For example: Vonnegut speaks of human life as being cheap (102). MLA & The Interview MLA considers interviews to be recoverable data, so they will be placed on a works cited page. You are to cite them in your text as well, like so: (Interviewee’s last name) For example: “She was quite insane, to the point of boorishness” (Sideris). MLA Bibliographical Citation A bibliography is an alphabetical list of citations to books, articles, and other documents found at the end of your paper. An MLA bibliography is called Works Cited. On it, you will list only what you have used in your paper. Book, Single Author Baxter, Chet. Race Equality in Health Care and Education. New York: Penguin, 1999. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Author’s last Book’s title. You will capitalize first word City of Publisher Year of name & first of title and any major words. Book titles are Publication publication name italicized, too. Book, Two Authors Smith, Gregory, and Tim Johnson. Your Failure to Please Others. New York: Harcourt, 2007. ^ ^ Second author’s Don’t worry about name is not giving the state name flipped. when the city is well known. Book, Three or More Authors Kernis, Mary, Cornell, Dan, and Craig Sun. Emo: Pure Pretension. London: Apple, 2004. Chapter in a Book Jones, Tom. “Teen angst.” Textbook of the Misunderstood. Ed. Jack Holmes. Baltimore: Nova, ^ 2000. 50-62. ^ ^ ^ ^ Chapter’s ^ Chapter’s name Book’s name Abbreviation ^ author’s Chapter’s of editor Editor name page numbers Dictionary “Tambourine.” Def. 5b. The Grove Dictionary of American Music. 2nd ed.1990. ^ ^ ^ Word defined Definition This abbreviation number refers to “edition.” Notice how it is not capitalized. Encyclopedia Entry Rourke, H. (1993). “Egoism.” The New Ayn Rand Encyclopedia. 2nd ed.1990. ^ The entry’s name Note: Lesser known reference sources are to include full publication information, with the final result resembling the “chapter in a book” citation described above). Journal Article Bowles, Anne. “The Psychology of the Spy.” British Journal of Psychiatry 141.2 (1966): 100-150. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Journal article’s Title of journal Volume Edition number Year Pages title number of publication Note: Journal articles are referred to as articles, not as “entries.” Diaries have entries. Magazine Article Benz, Mercedes. “Paris Hilton: The Appeal of Mindlessness.” New Yorker 7 Oct 2006: 36-41. ^ ^ ^ Magazine article’s Magazine’s Dating for title title magazines has a unique form. Newspaper Article Benz, Mercedes. “Paris Hilton: The Appeal of Mindlessness.” The Erie Times 7 Oct 2006: C12. Note: Should no author be listed, alphabetize according to article’s title. Holy Book The New Life Bible. Timothy Johnson, gen. ed. New York: Doubleday, 1985. ^ Abbreviation meaning “General Editor,” but don’t capitalize. Interview Sideris, Jeremy. Personal interview. 7 July 9, 2007. ^ ^ Interviewee’s Day interview took name place Government Document / Pamphlet United States. Center for Disease Control. Syphilis is Not an Appropriate Valentine’s Day Gift. ^ Atlanta: Center for Disease Control, 1996. ^ Sponsor’s ^ Pamphlet’s name Publisher’s name name Electronic Version of a Print Source Knowles, Beyonce. “How to Get Him to Sweat-out Your Flip.” Urban Inquiry 25 (2004): 45 pars. 7 July 2007 <http://www.urbaninquiry.org>. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Volume Date Number of Date you accessed website Notice that brackets number published website’s paragraphs are placed around address Article from an Online Dictionary or Encyclopedia “Mollycoddle.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 1999. Encyclopedia Britannica. ^ 7 July 2007. <http://search.ed.com>. ^ ^ ^ Word Website’s Date Sponsor’s Defined name published name A Webpage Without an Author Better Pickling Methods. 2006. July 9, 2007. <http://www.recipes.com>. ^ ^ ^ Webpage’s Year The date you had Name webpage was accessed the webpage created A Webpage With an Author Stewart, Martha. Better Pickling Methods. 23 April 2006. July 9, 2007. <http://www.recipes.com>. ^ ^ Date webpage The date you had was created accessed the webpage Film Hip New Teen Movie. Dir. Robert Reed. Perf. Greg Brady, Marsha Brady. DVD. ^ RKO Radio Pictures, 2007. ^ ^ ^ Film’s title ^ Director Staring General Film studio performers media type Song Public Enemy. “Night of the Living Baseheads.” It Takes a Nation of Millions to ^ Hold Us Back. Sony, 1988. ^ ^ Band ^ Song title Album title Name Music company Television Series or Radio Program “The Blessing Way.” The X-files. Fox. WXIA, Atlanta. 7 Oct. 2007. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Episode title Series’ name Production Station and Date aired company city of airing |
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